The wood shapes the sound as much as the shape does.
Sitka spruce — Soundboards (top) — Bright and dynamic with a wide dynamic range — the most common acoustic top wood.
Cedar (western red) — Soundboards (top) — Warm and responsive, favored on classical and fingerstyle guitars.
Mahogany — Back/sides, necks — Warm, focused midrange — also a classic solid-body electric wood.
Rosewood — Back/sides, fretboards — Rich overtones with strong bass and treble.
Maple — Back/sides, electric bodies — Bright and articulate; figured maple is prized for its look.
Ebony — Fretboards, bridges — Dense and smooth, adding clarity and sustain.
Alder — Electric bodies — Balanced and well-rounded — a Fender Stratocaster staple.
Basswood — Electric bodies (budget/mid) — Soft, light, and tonally neutral — easy to work with.